5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations

Being able to balance chemical equations is a vital skill for chemistry. Heres a look at the steps involved in balancing equations, plus a worked example of how to balance an equation. Steps of Balancing a Chemical Equation Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.What is the net charge on each side of the equation? The net charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the element is the same on each side of the equation. Remember, to balance an equation, you change the coefficients, not the subscripts in the formulas.Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. Its easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last.Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the equation is also balanced. Example of Balancing a Chemical Equation ? CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 ? H2O Identify the elements in the equation: C, H, OIdentify the net charge: no net charge, which makes this one easy! H is found in CH4 and H2O, so its a good starting element.You have 4 H in CH4 yet only 2 H in H2O, so you need to double the coefficient of H2O to balance H.1 CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 2 H2OLooking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the same coefficient.1 CH4 ? O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OFinally, determine the O coefficient. You can see you need to double the O2 coefficient in order to get 4 O seen on the product side of the reaction.1 CH4 2 O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OCheck your work. Its standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the final balanced equation would be written:CH4 2 O2 → CO2 2 H2O Take a quiz to see if you understand how to balance simple chemical equations. How to Balance a Chemical Equation for a Redox Reaction Once you understand how to balance an equation in terms of mass, youre ready to learn how to balance an equation for both mass and charge. Reduction/oxidation or redox reactions and acid-base reactions often involve charged species. Balancing for charge means you have the same net charge on both the reactant and product side of the equation. This isnt always zero! Heres an example of how to balance the reaction between potassium permanganate and iodide ion in aqueous sulfuric acid to form potassium iodide and manganese(II) sulfate. This is a typical acid reaction. First, write the unbalanced chemical equation:KMnO4  Ã‚  KI  Ã‚  H2SO4  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  I2  Ã‚  MnSO4Write down the oxidation numbers for each type of atom on both sides of the equation:Left hand side: K 1; Mn 7; O -2; I 0; H 1; S 6Right hand side: I 0; Mn 2, S 6; O -2Find the atoms that experience a change in oxidation number:Mn: 7 → 2; I: 1 → 0Write a skeleton ionic equation that only covers the atoms that change oxidation number:MnO4- → Mn2I- → I2Balance all of the atoms besides the oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in the half-reactions:MnO4- → Mn22I- → I2Now add O and H2O as needed to balance oxygen:MnO4- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Balance the hydrogen by adding H as needed:MnO4- 8H → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Now, balance charge by adding electrons as needed. In this example, the first half-reaction has a charge of 7 on the left and 2 on the right. Add 5 electrons to the left to balance the charge. The second half-re action has 2- on the left and 0 on the right. Add 2 electrons to the right.MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2 2e-Multiply the two half-reactions by the number that yields the lowest common number of electrons in each half-reaction. For this example, the lowest multiple of 2 and 5 is 10, so multiply the first equation by 2 and the second equation by 5:2 x [MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O]5 x [2I- → I2 2e-]Add together the two half-reactions and cancel out species that appear on each side of the equation:2MnO4- 10I- 16H → 2Mn2 5I2 8H2O Now, its a good idea to check your work by making sure the atoms and charge are balanced: Left hand side:  2 Mn; 8 O; 10 I; 16 HRight hand side:  2 Mn; 10 I; 16 H; 8 O Left hand side:  Ã¢Ë†â€™2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  10  16  Ã‚  4Right hand side:  4

Ethical Ethics And Ethical Issues - 1311 Words

This book provides readers with an in-depth analysis of ethical theories, legal and ethical issues which gives them an opportunity to practice real life ethical issues that are frequently complex and thought provoking. Readers are further implored to examine their personal, moral and ethical value systems and codes they work from in an attempt to assist them in developing an informed ethical conscience for making sound moral and ethical judgments. The author presents ethical dilemmas throughout the book which readers are encouraged to work through. The book is comprised of 14 chapters which are subdivided into three parts with respective part titles being: ethical issues and codes; theoretical orientations to ethics and; legal and ethical issues. Each chapter is supplemented with a summary and questions for additional reflection and thought and using theory for concrete ethical judgments sections. The book concludes with an epilogue, references and appendixes section which outlines t he differing existing codes of ethics. Author’s Background and Credentials: Stephen J. Freeman is a professor of Counseling and Chair of the Department of Counselor Education at California State University, Sacramento. Stephen Freeman has served on the graduate faculty at Texas Woman’s University for 18 years where he was the Coordinator of the Counseling and Development Program. He also maintained a private practice in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. Stephen Freeman is an author of three books whereShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1180 Words   |  5 PagesEthical issues in organizations are inevitable and are always on the horizon. These ethical concerns can directly impact the overall health of an organization in both positive and negative aspects. 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RYAN SWANSON Essay Example For Students

RYAN SWANSON Essay 2-1-992HR. HISTORYAL CAPONEAl Capone was the fourth of nine children. Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 17, 1899. His parents were both native to Italy. His fathers name was Gabriele Capone and his mothers name was Teresina Raiola. His father worked as a barber and his mother was a seamstress. Al Capone joined a gang when he was a teenager. There were a few signs that the Capone boys were going to be gangsters. Al Capones introduction into the criminal way of things came through Johnny Torrio. Al would run errands for Torrio to earn money. Torrio became a mentor to Capone. Johnny showed Al how to make a fortune without always using force. At this point in Al Capones life he still had no intention of leading a criminal life. Al Capone was married to Mary Coughlin on December 13, 1918. He met Mary in his own neighborhood. She was better known as Mae. On December 4, 1918, Mae gave birth to Albert Francis Capone, soon known as Sonny. Sonny had many physical problems as a child and later developed hearing problems. They believe that his illness was caused by congenital syphilis that he had contracted from his father. Despite all of Sonnys illnesses his father still cared for him. Al Capone started his career as a gangster in order to better provide for his family. Al Capone and his wife moved to Baltimore where Al landed a job as a bookkeeper for a construction company.It was two years before Capone decided to change careers. Al Capone and family moved back to New York in November of 1920. His father had died of a heart attack and Al was returning for the funeral when he decided to stay in New York. He was reunited with Torrio. In 1921, Al Capone moved to Chicago with his employer, Johnny Torrio, to launch his new career. Al Capone went on to become the most famous gangster of all time. Herbert Hoover had ordered a crackdown on all gangsters, but mainly it was for Scarface Al Capone.